Ụkpụrụ bụ isi nke impedance matching
1. sekit iguzogide dị ọcha
Na physics ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị, ọkụ eletrik agwala nsogbu dị otú ahụ: nkwụsị nke ngwa eletriki R, jikọtara ya na ike eletrik nke E, nkwụsi ike nke ime r batrị batrị, n'okpuru ọnọdụ ndị dị na ike nke ọkụ eletrik bụ nke kasị ukwuu?Mgbe nkwụsị nke mpụta dị nhata na nkwụsi ike nke dị n'ime, mmepụta ike nke ike na-enye ike na sekit dị n'èzí bụ nke kachasị ukwuu, bụ nke na-ejikọta ike sekit kpamkpam.Ọ bụrụ na sekit AC dochie ya, otu ahụ ga-ezutekwa ọnọdụ R = r ka ọ dakọtara.
2. reactance sekit
Ihe mgbochi impedance dị mgbagwoju anya karịa sekit nguzogide dị ọcha, na mgbakwunye na nguzogide na sekit enwere capacitors na inductor.Ngwa, ma na-arụ ọrụ na sekit AC dị obere ma ọ bụ nke dị elu.Na sekit AC, nguzogide, capacitance na inductance nke alternating ihe mgbochi ugbu a ka a na-akpọ impedance, nke akwụkwọ ozi Z na-egosi. N'ime ndị a, mmetụta mgbochi nke capacitance na inductance na alternating current ka a na-akpọ capacitive reactance na na inductive reactance na n'otu n'otu.Uru nke reactance capacitive na inductive reactance metụtara ugboro nke alternating ugbu a na-arụ ọrụ na mgbakwunye na nha nke capacitance na inductance n'onwe ya.Okwesiri iburu n'uche na, na sekit reactance, uru nke nguzogide R, inductive reactance na capacitive reactance okpukpu abuo enweghi ike gbakwunye ya site na mgbakọ di mfe, ma a na-ejikarị usoro triangulation impedance eme ihe iji gbakọọ.N'ihi ya, impedance sekit nweta kenha karịa kpere resistive sekit na-ọzọ mgbagwoju, na mgbakwunye na ntinye na mmepụta sekit na resistive akụrụngwa chọrọ bụ hà, ma na-achọkwa reactance akụrụngwa nke hà nha na ịrịba ama nke na-abụghị (conjugate kenha). );ma ọ bụ ihe ndị na-eguzogide ihe na ihe mmeghachi omume ha nhata (mgbakọ na-enweghị atụ).Ebe a na-ezo aka reactance X, ya bụ, inductive XL na capacitive reactance XC iche (naanị maka usoro sekit, ma ọ bụrụ na yiri sekit bụ ihe mgbagwoju anya gbakọọ).Iji mezuo ọnọdụ ndị dị n'elu a na-akpọ impedance matching, ibu nke nwere ike nweta ike kachasị.
Isi ihe na-emetụta impedance matching bụ mmepụta impedance nke n'ihu ogbo hà nhata impedance nke azụ ogbo.A na-eji impedance ntinye na mmepụta mmepụta ihe na sekit eletrọnịkị n'ọkwa niile, ụdị ihe eji atụ ihe na ụdị ngwa eletrọnịkị niile.Kedu ihe bụ impedance input na mmepụta impedance?Ihe ntinye ntinye bụ mgbochi nke sekit na isi iyi mgbaàmà.Dị ka egosiri na onyonyo 3 amplifier, ihe mgbochi ntinye ya bụ iwepụ isi mmalite mgbaàmà E na nkwụsi ike nke ime r, site na njedebe AB n'ime mgbochi nhata.Uru ya bụ Z = UI/I1, ya bụ, oke nke voltaji ntinye na ntinye ugbu a.Maka isi iyi mgbama, amplifier na-aghọ ibu ya.N'ọnụ ọgụgụ, nha nha nha nha nke ihe nkwuputa bụ uru nke impedance ntinye.Ogo nke impedance ntinye abụghị otu maka sekit dị iche iche.
Dịka ọmụmaatụ, dị elu nke ntinye ntinye (nke a na-akpọ voltaji sensitivity) nke ngọngọ voltaji nke multimeter, obere shunt na sekit n'okpuru ule na obere njehie nha.Dị ala nke ntinye ntinye nke ngọngọ dị ugbu a, obere nkewa voltaji na sekit dị n'okpuru ule, ya mere obere njehie nha.Maka ndị na-eme ka ike gwụ ike, mgbe mmepụta mmepụta nke isi iyi nke mgbaàmà hà nhata ntinye aka nke sekit amplifier, a na-akpọ ya impedance matching, mgbe ahụ, mgbanaka amplifier nwere ike nweta ike kachasị na mmepụta.Mpụta mmepụta bụ mgbochi nke sekit megide ibu.Dị ka ọ dị na eserese 4, ike na-enye ike nke akụkụ ntinye nke sekit ahụ dị mkpụmkpụ, a na-ewepụ akụkụ mmepụta nke ibu ahụ, nkwụsị nke nhata site na mmepụta nke CD a na-akpọ mmepụta mmepụta.Ọ bụrụ na ihe nrịbama ibu adịghị nhata na nrụpụta mmepụta, nke a na-akpọ impedance mismatch, ibu ahụ enweghị ike nweta ike kachasị elu.Oke nke mmepụta voltaji U2 na mmepụta ugbu a I2 ka a na-akpọ impedance mmepụta.The size nke mmepụta impedance na-adabere dị iche iche sekit nwere dị iche iche chọrọ.
Dịka ọmụmaatụ, isi iyi voltaji chọrọ nkwụsị mmepụta dị ala, ebe isi iyi dị ugbu a na-achọ nkwụsị mmepụta dị elu.Maka sekit amplifier, uru nke mmepụta mmepụta ihe na-egosi ike ya ibu ibu.Ọtụtụ mgbe, obere ihe mgbochi mmepụta na-ebute oke ibu ibu.Ọ bụrụ na enweghị ike ijikọ ihe nrụpụta mmepụta ya na ibu ahụ, enwere ike ịgbakwunye transformer ma ọ bụ sekit netwọk iji nweta egwuregwu ahụ.Dịka ọmụmaatụ, a na-ejikọkarị transistor amplifier na ihe nrụpụta n'etiti amplifier na onye na-ekwu okwu, na nrụpụta mmepụta nke igwe na-adaba na ihe mgbochi nke mbụ nke transformer, na mgbochi nke abụọ nke transformer na-adaba na impedance. ọkà okwu.Ihe mgbochi nke abụọ nke transformer dabara na mgbochi nke igwe okwu.Ihe ntụgharị ahụ na-agbanwe oke impedance site na ntụgharị ntụgharị nke windings nke mbụ na nke abụọ.Na n'ezie electronic sekit, mgbe zutere na mgbaàmà isi iyi na ampilifaya circuit ma ọ bụ ampilifaya circuit na ibu impedance bụ hà ka ọnọdụ, n'ihi ya, ha enweghị ike jikọọ ozugbo.Ihe ngwọta bụ ịgbakwunye sekit ma ọ bụ netwọk dabara n'etiti ha.N'ikpeazụ, ekwesịrị iburu n'uche na nkwekọ impedance bụ naanị maka sekit eletrik.N'ihi na ike nke akara ndị a na-ebufe na sekit eletrọnịkị bụ ihe na-adịghị ike, ọ dị mkpa ka ọ dakọtara na-abawanye ike mmepụta.Na sekit eletriki, a naghị eleba anya n'otu n'otu, n'ihi na ọ nwere ike ibute oke mmepụta ugbu a na mmebi nke ngwa ahụ.
Ngwa nke Impedance Matching
Maka akara ngosi dị elu n'ozuzu, dị ka akara elekere, akara ụgbọ ala, na ọbụna ruo ọtụtụ narị megabyte nke akara DDR, wdg, transceiver ngwaọrụ izugbe inductive na capacitive impedance dị ntakịrị, nkwụsi ike ikwu (ya bụ, ezigbo akụkụ nke impedance) nke nwere ike ileghara anya, na n'oge a, impedance matching naanị kwesịrị iburu n'uche n'ezie akụkụ nke nwere ike ịbụ.
N'ihe gbasara redio ugboro ugboro, ọtụtụ ngwaọrụ dị ka antennas, amplifiers, wdg, ntinye ya na mmepụta ya abụghị ihe dị adị (ọ bụghị nguzogide dị ọcha), na akụkụ ya (capacitive ma ọ bụ inductive) dị ukwuu nke na a pụghị ileghara ya anya. , mgbe ahụ anyị ga-eji conjugate kenha usoro.
Oge nzipu: Ọgọst-17-2023