Ụkpụrụ na-arụ ọrụ nke Cystal Oscillator

Nchịkọta nke oscillator kristal

Crystal oscillator na-ezo aka na wafer ịkpụ site na quartz kristal dị ka ụfọdụ azimuth Angle, quartz crystal resonator, nke a na-akpọ quartz crystal ma ọ bụ oscillator kristal;Ihe kristal nwere IC agbakwunyere n'ime ngwugwu a na-akpọ oscillator kristal.A na-achịkọta ngwaahịa ya n'ụdị ọla, kamakwa n'ụdị iko, ceramik ma ọ bụ plastik.

Ụkpụrụ ọrụ nke oscillator kristal

Quartz kristal oscillator bụ ngwaọrụ resonant mere nke piezoelectric mmetụta nke quartz kristal.Ngwakọta ya bụ isi dị ka ndị a: Site na kristal quartz dị ka otu iberi azimuth si dị, kpuchie ya na oyi akwa ọlaọcha n'elu elu ya abụọ kwekọrọ na ya dị ka electrodes, a na-ejikọta waya ndu na electrode ọ bụla na ntụtụ, yana ngwugwu ngwugwu mejupụtara. resonator quartz kristal, nke a na-akpọ quartz crystal ma ọ bụ kristal, ịma jijiji kristal.A na-achịkọta ngwaahịa ya n'ụdị ọla, kamakwa n'ụdị iko, ceramik ma ọ bụ plastik.

Ọ bụrụ na etinyere oghere eletrik na electrodes abụọ nke kristal quartz, mgbawa ahụ na-emebi n'usoro.N'aka nke ọzọ, ọ bụrụ na a na-etinye nrụgide n'ibu n'akụkụ abụọ nke mgbawa ahụ, a ga-emepụta ọkụ eletrik na ntụziaka kwekọrọ na mgbawa.A na-akpọ ihe anụ ahụ a na-akpọ mmetụta piezoelectric.Ọ bụrụ na a na-etinye voltaji ndị ọzọ na ogwe abụọ nke mgbawa ahụ, mgbawa ahụ ga-emepụta vibration igwe, nke n'aka nke ya ga-emepụta ebe eletrik ọzọ.

N'ozuzu, njupụta nke n'ibu vibration nke mgbawa na njupụta nke alternating ọkụ eletrik dị nnọọ obere, ma mgbe ugboro nke etinyere voltaji alternating bụ uru a kapịrị ọnụ, njupụta na-abawanye nke ukwuu, ukwuu karịa nke ọzọ frequencies. , a na-akpọ ihe a na-akpọ piezoelectric resonance, nke dị nnọọ ka resonance nke sekit LC.Ya resonant ugboro metụtara ọnwụ mode, geometry na size nke mgbawa.

Mgbe kristal adịghị ịma jijiji, enwere ike iwere ya dị ka capacitor dị larịị nke a na-akpọ electrostatic capacitance C, na nha ya metụtara nha geometric nke mgbawa na mpaghara electrode, n'ozuzu banyere usoro akpụkpọ anụ ole na ole ruo ọtụtụ usoro akpụkpọ ahụ. .Mgbe crystal oscillates, inertia nke n'ibu vibration bụ dakọtara na inductance L. N'ozuzu, L ụkpụrụ mbio site iri iri ruo na narị degrees.Ngbanwe nke mgbawa nwere ike ịdị ka capacitance C, nke dị obere, na-abụkarị naanị 0.0002 ~ 0.1 picograms.Ọnwụ nke esemokwu na-akpata n'oge mkpọtụ wafer bụ R, nke nwere uru dị ihe dịka 100 ohms.N'ihi na inductance nhata nke mgbawa dị nnọọ ukwuu, na C dị ntakịrị, R dịkwa ntakịrị, ya mere, àgwà Q nke sekit dị nnọọ ukwuu, ruo 1000 ~ 10000. Tụkwasị na nke ahụ, ugboro ugboro nke mgbawa n'onwe ya. bụ naanị ihe metụtara ịkpụcha ọnọdụ, geometry na nha nke mgbawa, enwere ike ịme ya nke ọma, yabụ sekit oscillator nke mejupụtara quartz resonators nwere ike nweta nkwụsi ike ugboro ugboro.

Kọmputa nwere sekit oge, n'agbanyeghị na a na-ejikarị okwu ahụ bụ́ “elekere” na-ezo aka na ngwaọrụ ndị a, ha abụghị elekere n'ezie n'echiche mbụ.Enwere ike ịkpọ ha ngụ oge.Ngụ oge kọmpụta na-abụkarị kristal quartz arụziri nke ọma nke na-agbagharị n'ime oke esemokwu ya n'oge na-adabere n'otú e si ebipụ kristal n'onwe ya yana oke esemokwu ọ na-enwe.Enwere ndekọ abụọ jikọtara na kristal quartz ọ bụla, counter na ndekọ njide.Oscillation ọ bụla nke kristal quartz na-ebelata counter otu.Mgbe counter na-ebelata ka 0, a na-emepụta nkwụsịtụ na counter na-ebughachi uru mbụ site na ndekọ njide.Usoro a na-eme ka o kwe omume ịhazi oge iji mepụta nkwụsịtụ 60 kwa nkeji (ma ọ bụ n'oge ọ bụla ọzọ achọrọ).A na-akpọ nkwụsịtụ ọ bụla akara elekere.

N'okwu eletriki, oscillator kristal nwere ike ịdị nhata na netwọk ọdụ abụọ nke capacitor na resistor n'otu n'otu na capacitor n'usoro.Na injinia eletriki, netwọkụ a nwere isi ihe abụọ resonance, nke kewara n'ogo dị elu na nke dị ala.Obere ugboro bụ resonance usoro, na ugboro dị elu bụ myirịta resonance.N'ihi njirimara nke kristal n'onwe ya, ebe dị anya n'etiti ugboro abụọ dị nso.Na nso nso a dị warara dị warara, oscillator kristal dabara na inductor, yabụ ọ bụrụhaala na ejikọtara ọnụ abụọ nke oscillator kristal n'otu n'otu na capacitors kwesịrị ekwesị, ọ ga-etolite sekit resonance yiri ya.Enwere ike ịgbakwunye sekit resonant a yiri ya na sekit nzaghachi na-adịghị mma iji mepụta sekit oscillation sinusoidal.N'ihi na ọnụọgụ nke kristal oscillator dakọtara na inductance dị warara nke ukwuu, ugboro nke oscillator a agaghị agbanwe nke ukwuu ọbụlagodi na paramita nke ihe ndị ọzọ dị iche iche.

Crystal oscillator nwere oke dị mkpa, ya bụ uru capacitance ibu, họrọ ikike nha nha nha nha nha ibu, nwere ike nweta ọnụọgụ resonance nke kristal oscillator.General vibration crystal oscillation sekit nọ na nsọtụ nke ihe inverting ampilifaya jikọọ na kristal nwere abụọ capacitance na-anata nsọtụ nke kristal, karị, onye ọ bụla capacitance n'akụkụ nke ọzọ nke nnata, ike nke abụọ capacitors na usoro uru kwesịrị hà nhata. na ibu capacitance, biko ṅaa ntị na ntụtụ IC izugbe nwere ikike ntinye nhata, enweghị ike ileghara nke a anya.N'ozuzu, ikike ibu nke oscillator kristal bụ akpụkpọ anụ 15 ma ọ bụ 12.5.Ọ bụrụ na a na-atụle ikike ntinye nhata nke ntụtụ akụrụngwa, sekit oscillation nke oscillator kristal mejupụtara abụọ capacitors akpụkpọ anụ 22 bụ nhọrọ ka mma.